Fix a Logic Bug

I need help fixing a logic bug in my code. The program isn't working as expected, and I believe there's an issue with my algorithm or the way I've structured my logic. CODE WITH BUG: ``` [CODE_WITH_BUG] ``` PROBLEM DESCRIPTION: - Expected behavior: [EXPECTED_BEHAVIOR] - Actual behavior: [ACTUAL_BEHAVIOR] - Test cases/inputs: [TEST_CASES] ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: - Language/Framework: [LANGUAGE_OR_FRAMEWORK] - Purpose of the code: [PURPOSE] - Parts I suspect are problematic: [SUSPICIOUS_PARTS] - What I've tried already: [ATTEMPTED_FIXES] - Relevant error messages (if any): [ERROR_MESSAGES] Please help me with: 1. Bug Identification - What's causing the unexpected behavior - How the code is currently executing - Where my logic is flawed 2. Solution Implementation - How to fix the code - Clear explanation of the changes - Why these changes solve the problem 3. Conceptual Understanding - What concept or pattern I might be misunderstanding - The correct approach to this problem - Any relevant programming principles 4. Prevention Advice - How to prevent similar bugs in the future - Testing strategies for this type of code - Best practices relevant to this scenario I want to not only fix this specific issue but also learn how to avoid similar mistakes in the future.